Product Lyfe Cylce of Iphone Essay

In class we learned about product life cycles and how the product life cycle tells us how the product is doing in the market. A product goes through four stages in the product life cycle and they are introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. In the introduction stage the company promotes the product in order to create awareness. In the growth stage the sales and profits increase. In the maturity stage most of the profit is earned during this stage and competitors are established. In the decline stage the sales decline and profits also go down. During this stage the company could decide to cut off the product as well. The IPhone 4s is currently in the maturity stage and there are many competitors that the IPhone has to deal with right now. Just to name a few Samsung Galaxy S II HD, Galaxy Note, HTC Sensation 4G, and Motorola Droid. In the current stage Apple has to deal with all the competitors that I’ve listed and the market share is going down along with profits. The reason why I say that is because when it comes to technology people want to buy the latest thing and if Apple isn’t changing there phone or software for the phone then they are going to lose customers due to new technology and software on the other phones. When the IPhone first came out it was always in the growth stage because it didn’t have any competitors and the sales were always going up because everyone wanted one. But that didn’t last because competitors came out with touch screen phone that were cheaper then the IPhone. And as of right now the first IPhone is the decline stage because they no longer make them and no software updates are available as well. For the IPhone 4S to stay in the maturity it must come out with a software update. Apple is currently working on IOS 6 which is coming this fall and its going to have features that will make it easier for people who have disabilities to use the devices. Another app that got updated was Maps, which will now give you turn-by-turn spoken directions, interactive 3D view, and a new flyover feature will allow you to see major metro areas from an airplane. It will also have another new app called Passbook that will store your boarding passes, movie tickets, retail coupons, loyalty cards in your phone. Also new calling feature that will let you reply with a text message or set a callback reminder when you decline a call. And there are many other features that are going to be new or improved in IOS 6, which will set up  the IPhone 4S to continue to be on the maturity stage. Another thing they could do in order to stay in the maturity stage is reduce the price of the IPhone 4S which will increase sales and profit.

Gender, Race and Class

Disability is the condition of inability to perform any task or activity due to the presence of any physical or mental disability. Disabilities that are found in the bodily parts of a person apart from any other mental or psychological problem are called Physical disabilities. Such disabilities include inability to speak, walk, see, hear, or write (ArticleDoctor, 2009). Mental disabilities involve the inability or abnormality in the intellectual process or mind of a person, or anything that relates to the mind or cognition.Such disabilities include the incapability to think properly, inability to understand other’s emotions or talks, and mental retardation. Whereas, learning disabilities are those in which the cognitive functioning of a person doesn’t work up to the mark for the purpose of learning and acquiring skills. This may also include the inability of building up of tacit knowledge. In such case, whatever is taught to an individual is not understood, learned, or retained by him. Now let’s discuss how and why such disabilities are found in human beings.First, genetic disability is the one that is transferred to a person through his or her parents. In such case, the genes that are found in a woman, for instance inability to hear, are usually transferred to the child. Congenital disability is the one that exists at birth and not hereditary. This may be caused due to some occurrence of problem in the development of fetus. Whereas disability that is transferred to a person from the environment or other people, is called acquired disability.

A Critical Analysis Of Itc Distribution Channel Marketing Essay

A Critical Analysis Of Itc Distribution Channel Marketing Essay Abstract Distribution channel is having an important role in positioning of the product because we know that distribution channel is tool by which we can make reach our product to the final consumers. That’s why selecting a distribution channel is an important aspect of building a competitive advantage for businesses of every size. Distribution channels include your own direct sales force, retailers, distributors and the Internet. The right distribution channel ensures that customers in different locations around the country, or around the world, can buy your products and get the right level of service from your company. To select the right distribution channel for your business, you need to consider what a channel can offer, including location and reach, skills and resources, management costs and degree of control. This is a project to study, analyze and report the distribution channel of the FMCG giant ITC. The project would take help of various sources of secondary data ab out the organization; it’s functioning in terms of distribution channels it employs and the management of these channels in order to stay competitive and ubiquitous against competition. For that we have reviewed the organization and its product lines on a macro level and critical analysis of distribution channel for a specific product line. In that way we would be able to ascertain what are strength and weaknesses of the given distributions channel. We have also drawn out certain similarities and contrasts between ITC’s and other FMCG’s distributions channel to help us add some recommendations at the end of the report on how the potential of the distribution channel and its efficiency can be improved. Contents Introduction – ITC ITC was incorporated on August 24, 1910 under the name Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited. As the Company’s ownership progressively Indianised, the name of the Company was changed from Imperial Tobacco Company of Ind ia Limited to India Tobacco Company Limited in 1970 and then to I.T.C. Limited in 1974. In recognition of the Company’s multi-business portfolio encompassing a wide range of businesses – Fast Moving Consumer Goods comprising Foods, Personal Care, Cigarettes and Cigars, Branded Apparel, Education and Stationery Products, Incense Sticks and Safety Matches, Hotels, Paperboards & Specialty Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business and Information Technology – the full stops in the Company’s name were removed effective September 18, 2001. The Company now stands rechristened ‘ITC Limited’. Though the first six decades of the Company’s existence were primarily devoted to the growth and consolidation of the Cigarettes and Leaf Tobacco businesses, the Seventies witnessed the beginnings of a corporate transformation that would usher in momentous changes in the life of the Company. Key landmarks in history of ITC limited 1925 – Packaging & Printing Business was set up as a strategic backward integration for ITC’s Cigarettes business 1975 -Launch of Hotels business with the acquisition of a hotel in Chennai which was rechristened ‘ITC-Welcomgroup Hotel Chola’ 1979 – ITC entered the  Paperboards business  by promoting ITC Bhadrachalam Paperboards Limited 1985 – Surya Tobacco Co. set up in Nepal as an Indo-Nepal and British joint venture.

Revise paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Revise - Term Paper Example According to Makarsssyus and Friedman (2005) cosmopolitan societies such as towns and cities have diverse populations since people from various cultural and ethnic backgrounds move to such areas in search of employment. In such societies, medical practitioners require understanding of various languages in order to safeguard the quality of the services they offer. In other disciplines of the practice such as psychiatry, the entire process of attending a patient relies on the quality of the communication between the providers and he patients. I serve as an intern at Chinatown Public Heath Centered located in the City of Sam Francisco, 1490 Mason Street, San Francisco, CA 94133. I work under (insert) and this has helped me in aligning my career interest by being able to serve a linguistically diverse population. My work here involves dealing with immigrants and this has reinforced to me the essence of Multilanguage mastery as a method to spearhead better healthcare services in such environments. As an intern in Chinatown Public Heath Centered, my roles include translating the medical materials of first Aid and CPR learning materials from Cantonese to Mandarin and also from Mandarin to Cantonese. My other roles include updating information on client and assisting the health department staff keep their database current. I also participate in making the learning materials available and useful to the delivery of the services in the centre. Literature has concerned itself with investigating the effects of bilingual knowledge on delivery of healthcare in multiethnic societies. For instance, the National Health and Medical Research Council (2009) investigated the way a physicians’ understanding of multiethnic culture and language affects the ability of such a doctor to deliver services. According to his study, it was found that in multiethnic societies, healthcare stuff who are able to integrate cultural understanding in their service were better able to serve their

Policies and practice in health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Policies and practice in health - Essay Example Diabetes could cause several harmful and long term impacts upon the human health due to which the importance of combating this problem with the help of adequate health policy has been widely realized. The healthcare professionals and healthcare policy makers widely agree that it is very imperative to formulate and implement sound policies and health plan to address the issues and concerns associated with the human health and diabetes effects (Ekoke et al, 2001, p98). In United Kingdom the prevalence of diabetes has considerable increased over the last few decades and every passing year is adding thousands of people in the list of diabetic patients in the country. The situation is becoming worst with each passing day because the problems of obesity and overweighting have also become problem due to which the type2 diabetes is also becoming very common among the people. Since the ratio of diabetes has been continuously increasing with alarming rate, the situation demands the wakeup call by the health campaigners so that this ratio could be reduced and the main factors behind the increase in diabetes cases could be worked out (Diabetes UK, 2001, p83). ... sing numbers of diabetic patients in the country has built pressure upon NHS because it has the responsibility of formulating policies to prevent the accordance of such diseases with such a high rate. While responding to this critical need NHS has worked on several strategic healthcare plans to assure the safety of the citizens from diabetes and other health problems that could evolve from diabetes (Hoffman R et al, 2002, p1748). NHS has demonstrated that the main objective of its health plan related with diabetes is based upon the objective of reducing the number of diabetes patient and improving the care for the people suffering from this disease. NHS diabetes policy aims to develop partnership with the healthcare staff so that these people could also be motivated and properly trained to deal with the people having diabetes (Department of Health, 2010, p23). The National Health Service plan for diabetes instructs the healthcare staff to offer structures and proactive care to the pe ople so that they could be able to manage their own health conditions at their own by taking adequate care of their disease through proper awareness and information about diabetes. NHS has also set up several local diabetes networks to robust the mechanism and policies implemented at the national level so that the benefits of the policies could be spread at local level as well. In this regard, NHS has worked for joint working relations between the Local Health Boards and the Local Diabetes Service Advisory Groups. The place register and clinical management system are also assured within the healthcare centres to allow systematic management and monitoring of the healthcare policies and their outcomes (Department of Health, 2010, p23). There have been several important plans and policies

Critically assess the relative competitiveness and socio-economic Essay - 1

Critically assess the relative competitiveness and socio-economic outcomes of manufacturing in China - Essay Example This manuscript mulls over these aspects while considering the socio-economic outcomes of manufacturing in China. Among the key factors that contribute significantly to China’s relative competitiveness are its favorable investment opportunities. China’s favorable macroeconomics has significant positive impacts on its competitiveness (Dunning & Gugler 2008, 170). For instance, foreign manufacturers have the capability to negotiate with the Chinese government over tax benefits. As such, organizations may have more tax benefits, owing to their adherence to specific government norms. Various manufacturing firms have received priority in this aspect, thereby creating a suitable environment for manufacturers. Besides, the promotion of reinvestments in China significantly boosts its competitiveness. Firms within China may recover their taxes up to over 40 percent, owing to their reinvestment for next five years. The reinvestment of numerous foreign firms within China has significantly promoted its expansion, thereby critically boosting its competitiveness. Increased inexpensive and skilled labor also boosts China’s competitiveness. Survey shows that China has cheap literate labor as compared to other competing Asian nations such as India, thus making it a choice destination for foreign investors in manufacturing (Liang et al. 2014 1106). Besides, technological advancements have significantly boosted China’s relative competitiveness. In the recent past, China has significantly improved its infrastructure, thereby providing a suitable manufacturing environment for foreign investors. The nation boasts of sophisticated road and water transport networks, with highly efficient communication networks. Many significantly reduce foreign investment, owing to diverse stringent regulations that tend to favor local firms. However, this concept does not apply in China, where it provides flexible

Reed Solomon Code Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reed Solomon Code Applications - Essay Example The applications of Reed Solomon codes are mainly obtained in data storage and digital communications. The following major applications can be listed for Reed Solomon codes –†¢ Data Storage – In case of both CDs, and DVDs, it is possible to apply codes for correction of errors and measure the raw errors before correcting them. The application is in holographic data storage or optical storage and the two major schemes that are applicable include Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon Code (CIRC) for CDs and a Reed-Solomon Product Code (RS-PC) for DVDs. Each bit of data is considered for a firm decision by both these codes to understand if the bit is 1 or 0. Following this, the correction scheme of the codes can fix the errors in the data storage devices (Curtis et al, 2011).  The application is most effective in cases where error occurs in bursts. Reed Solomon codes are capable of correcting up to 2 byte errors per 32 byte block. Up to 4000 bits of error bursts can be cor rected by CIRC as a result of the features and applications of the codes.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Data Transmission – Reed Solomon codes can be used in several applications for the purpose of transmission of data. Data can be transmitted from the receiver to the transmitter. The applications include transmission systems for mobile data, and for highly reliable military systems of communications. There are specialized forms of RS codes enabling data transmission, such as Caucy-RS and Vandermonde-RS where the code performing the task is an RS(n,k) code.

MANAGING ORGANIZATIONS & LEADING PEOPLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MANAGING ORGANIZATIONS & LEADING PEOPLE - Essay Example Among them are golf clubs, fine dining, and boating. It also provides parasailing, yacht charters, luxury lodging and unmatched concierge services. All the hotels under Shangri-la are branded five-star Shangri-la and four-star Traders. The hotel was founded in Singapore by a Malaysian-Chinese tycoon named Robert Kuok. Its growth is also attributed from quick differentiation that management of the company engaged in, distancing it from the competition. Differentiation enabled Shangri-la Company to provide distinctive Asian standards of hospitality and services. After some time in service, the company garnered popularity and recognition internationally. It received awards and recognition from prestigious publications and industry partners. By the year 2006, the hotel had expanded its jurisdictions to hotel ownership and operations. It accommodated property development, and hotel management services. Rapid expansion of the companies began in the 1980s in Asia. By the year 1999, Shangri- la had 35 hotels across Asia. In the year 2000, Shangri-la began expanding its territories of operation beyond Asia. In 2003, the Traders Hotel Dubai established Shangri-la in United Arab Emirates. It was also established in Sydney, Australia, North America, and Europe. In order to achieve expansively and effectiveness, Shangri-la used a 5- level organizational design. Each level had separate guidelines and discretion. The name Shangri-la was adapted do reflect the company philosophy for hospitality for caring people. The theory is strongly supported in every branch of the company and all employees of the company from top most-senior employees to the junior employees. The Shangri-la hotel primary leaders act to change rather than direct. Normally, the primary leader is involved in influencing others so that they can all work together. Shangri-la advocates for their functions to maintain three functional pillars (Martin, 2006). The functional pillars are the leadership

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Strategic Management - Essay Example r apprehending trivial matters such as where to dispose litter, and important matters such as departmental or a fellow employee’s internal telephone code. This organisational learning process is important since it enables employees to be absorbed deeply into organisational culture, mission, values and goals without a considerable input of the organisation. Another learning process which I came to appreciate during my tenure in Skipton Financial Services [SFS] is the use of training programmes. To ensure that this programme is effective, SFS has made several arrangements such as workshop drives, learning travels and retreats. SFS has seasoned heads of departments and these come in handy when learning programmes are being conducted. SFS uses its spacious conference rooms and state-of-the-art sound systems to facilitate the workshop drives. Secondly, learning travels are conducted annually, and involves, traveling with a designated team to an institute or a centre for professional learning, for the inculcation of higher organisational values, skills and talents. Retreats may also be conducted to aid the impartation of desired organisational skills and talents. Like all other corporate retreats, SFS’ case involves withdrawing the personnel from the normal organisational scene, with the intention of reflecting, evaluating and giving employees the chance to contemplate, recharge, bond and renew their vigour, skills and commitment. Workshop drives and training programmes, corporate retreats and learning travels have all proved useful in furthering the attainment of performance target. Nevertheless, since corporate retreats and learning travels are always expensive, they are usually attended by designated employees. This designation may be informed by rank or the portfolio that an employee holds, the exhibition of exemplary talents, skills and commitment to SFS’ goals and values, or tremendous improvement in an employee’s performance. Conversely, workshop drives

Three Favorite Words in English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Three Favorite Words in English - Essay Example It is vital that the people who fall in love, should respect each other especially because no matter how people love each other, there are always individual differences that should be bridged. Therefore, it is important for two people to respect each other’s beliefs, personalities and cultures so that conflicts will be minimized and the possibility of losing the passion will diminish. Trust is also very important in a relationship bound by love because it serves as a glue that holds two different people together who do different things. The modern world now demands both male and female to contribute to the economic status of the nation and is now a challenge to modern lovers because they have to be away from each other most of the hours of the day and probably even demand more time from others. This situation exposes lovers to temptations that may be difficult to fight however, when one partner is well aware of how much trust the other has for him, and that trust is respected and valued, love can remain pure between

Political philosophy Essay Example for Free

Political philosophy Essay The concept of social contract theory is that in the beginning man lived in the state of nature. They had no government and there was no law to regulate them. There were hardships and oppression on the sections of the society. To overcome from these hardships they entered into two agreements which are:- 1. ?Pactum Unionis? ; and 2. ?Pactum Subjectionis?. By the first pact of unionis, people sought protection of their lives and property. As, a result of it a society was formed where people undertook to respect each other and live in peace and harmony. By the second pact of subjectionis, people united together and pledged to obey an authority and surrendered the whole or part of their freedom and rights to an authority. The authority guaranteed everyone protection of life, property and to a certain extent liberty. Thus, they must agree to establish society by collectively and reciprocally renouncing the rights they had against one another in the State of Nature and they must imbue some one person or assembly of persons with the authority and power to enforce the initial contract. In other words, to ensure their escape from the State of Nature, they must both agree to live together under common laws, and create an enforcement mechanism for the social contract and the laws that constitute it. Thus, the authority or the government or the sovereign or the state came into being because of the two agreements. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by Thomas Hobbes ? Thomas Hobbes theory of Social Contract appeared for the first time in Leviathan published in the year 1651 during the Civil War in Britain. Thomas Hobbes? legal theory is based on ? Social contract?. According to him, prior to Social Contract, man lived in the State of Nature. Man? s life in the State of NATURE was one of fear and selfishness. Man lived in chaotic condition of constant fear. Life in the State of Nature was ? solitary? , ? poor? , ? nasty? , ? brutish? , and ? short?. ? Man has a natural desire for security and order. In order to secure self- protection and self-preservation, and to avoid misery and pain, man entered Page 2 of 7 into a contract. This idea of self-preservation and self-protection are inherent in man? s nature and in order to achieve this, they voluntarily surrendered all their rights and freedoms to some authority by this contract who must command obedience. As a result of this contract, the mightiest authority is to protect and preserve their lives and property. This led to the emergence of the institution of the ? ruler? or ? monarch? , who shall be the absolute head. Subjects had no rights against the absolute authority or the sovereign and he is to be obeyed in all situations however bad or unworthy he might be. However, Hobbes placed moral obligations on the sovereign who shall be bound by natural law. ? Hence, it can be deduced that, Hobbes was the supporter of absolutism. In the opinion of Hobbes, ? law is dependent upon the sanction of the sovereign and the Government without sword are but words and of no strength to secure a man at all?. He therefore, reiterated that civil law is the real law because it is commanded and enforced by the sovereign. Thus, he upheld the principle of ? Might is always Right?. ? Hobbes thus infers from his mechanistic theory of human nature that humans are necessarily and exclusively self-interested. All men pursue only what they perceive to be in their own individually considered best interests. They respond mechanistically by being drawn to that which they desire and repelled by that to which they are averse. In addition to being exclusively self-interested, Hobbes also argues that human beings are reasonable. They have in them the rational capacity to pursue their desires as efficiently and maximally as possible. From these premises of human nature, Hobbes goes on to construct a provocative and compelling argument for which they ought to be willing to submit themselves to political authority. He did this by imagining persons in a situation prior to the establishment of society, the State of Nature. ? Hobbes impels subjects to surrender all their rights and vest all liberties in the sovereign for preservation of peace, life and prosperity of the subjects. It is in this way the natural law became a moral guide or directive to the sovereign for preservation of the natural rights of the subjects. For Hobbes all law is dependent upon the sanction of the sovereign. All real law is civil law, the law commanded and Page 3 of 7 enforced by the sovereign and are brought into the world for nothing else but to limit the natural liberty of particular men, in such a manner, as they might not hurt but to assist one another and join together against a common enemy. He advocated for an established order. Hence, Individualism, materialism, utilitarianism and absolutions are inter-woven in the theory of Hobbes. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by John Locke ? John Locke theory of Social Contract is different than that of Hobbes. According to him, man lived in the State of Nature, but his concept of the State of Nature is different as contemplated by Hobbesian theory. Locke? s view about the state of nature is not as miserable as that of Hobbes. It was reasonably good and enjoyable, but the property was not secure. He considered State of Nature as a ? Golden Age?. It was a state of ? peace, goodwill, mutual assistance, and preservation?. In that state of nature, men had all the rights which nature could give them. Locke justifies this by saying that in the State of Nature, the natural condition of mankind was a state of perfect and complete liberty to conduct one? s life as one best sees fit. It was free from the interference of others. In that state of nature, all were equal and independent. This does not mean, however, that it was a state of license. It was one not free to do anything at all one pleases, or even anything that one judges to be in one? s interest. The State of Nature, although a state wherein there was no civil authority or government to punish people for transgressions against laws, was not a state without morality. The State of Nature was pre-political, but it was not pre- moral. Persons are assumed to be equal to one another in such a state, and therefore equally capable of discovering and being bound by the Law of Nature. So, the State   Nature was a ? state of liberty? , where persons are free to pursue their own interests and plans, free from interference and, because of the Law of Nature and the restrictions that it imposes upon persons, it is relatively peaceful. ? Property plays an essential role in Locke? s argument for civil government and the contract that establishes it. According to Locke, private property is created when a person mixes his labour with the raw materials of nature. Given the implications of the Law of Nature, there are limits as to how much property one can own: one is not Page 4 of 7allowed to take so more from nature than oneself can use, thereby leaving others without enough for themselves, because nature is given to all of mankind for its common subsistence. One cannot take more than his own fair share. Property is the linchpin of Locke? s argument for the social contract and civil government because it is the protection of their property, including their property in their own bodies, that men seek when they decide to abandon the State of Nature. ? John Locke considered property in the State of Nature as insecure because of three conditions; they are:- 1. Absence of established law; 2. Absence of impartial Judge; and 3. Absence of natural power to execute natural laws. ? Thus, man in the State of Nature felt need to protect their property and for the purpose of protection of their property, men entered into the ? Social Contract?. Under the contract, man did not surrender all their rights to one single individual, but they surrendered only the right to preserve / maintain order and enforce the law of nature. The individual retained with them the other rights, i. e. , right to life, liberty and estate because these rights were considered natural and inalienable rights of men.? Having created a political society and government through their consent, men then gained three things which they lacked in the State of Nature: laws, judges to adjudicate laws, and the executive power necessary to enforce these laws. Each man therefore gives over the power to protect himself and punish transgressors of the Law of Nature to the government that he has created through the compact. ? According to Locke, the purpose of the Government and law is to uphold and protect the natural rights of men. So long as the Government fulfils this purpose, the laws given by it are valid and binding but, when it ceases to fulfil it, then the laws would have no validity and the Government can be thrown out of power. In Lockes view, unlimited sovereignty is contrary to natural law. ? Hence, John Locke advocated the principle of -? a state of liberty; not of license?. Locke advocated a state for the general good of people. He pleaded for a constitutionally limited government. Page 5 of 7 ? Locke, in fact made life, liberty and property, his three cardinal rights, which greatly dominated and influenced the Declaration of American Independence, 1776. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau ? Jean Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher who gave a new interpretation to the theory of Social Contract in his work The Social Contract and Emile. According to him, social contract is not a historical fact but a hypothetical construction of reason. Prior to the Social Contract, the life in the State of Nature was happy and there was equality among men. As time passed, however, humanity faced certain changes. As the overall population increased, the means by which people could satisfy their needs had to change. People slowly began to live together in small families, and then in small communities. Divisions of labour were introduced, both within and between families, and discoveries and inventions made life easier, giving rise to leisure time. Such leisure time inevitably led people to make comparisons between themselves and others, resulting in public values, leading to shame and envy, pride and contempt. Most importantly however, according to Rousseau, was the invention of private property, which constituted the pivotal moment in humanity? s evolution out of a simple, pure state into one, characterized by greed, competition, vanity, inequality, and vice. For Rousseau the invention of property constitutes humanity? s ? fall from grace? out of the State of Nature. For this purpose, they surrendered their rights not to a single individual but to the community as a whole which Rousseau termed as ? general will?. ? According to Rousseau, the original ? freedom, happiness, equality and liberty? which existed in primitive societies prior to the social contract was lost in the modern civilisation. Through Social Contract, a new form of social organisation- the state was formed to assure and guarantee rights, liberties freedom and equality. The essence of the Rousseau? s theory of General Will is that State and Law were the product of General Will of the people. State and the Laws are made by it and if the government and laws do not conform to ? general will? , they would be discarded. While the individual parts with his natural rights, in return he gets civil liberties such as freedom of speech, equality, assembly, etc. Page 6 of 7 ? The ? General Will? , therefore, for all purposes, was the will of majority citizens to which blind obedience was to be given. The majority was accepted on the belief that majority view is right than minority view. Each individual is not subject to any other individual but to the ? general will? and to obey this is to obey himself. His sovereignty is infallible, indivisible, unrepresentable and illimitable. ? Thus, Rousseau favoured peoples sovereignty. His natural law theory is confined to the freedom and liberty of the individual. For him, State, law, sovereignty, general will, etc. are interchangeable terms. Rousseau? s theory inspired French and American revolutions and given impetus to nationalism. He based his theory of social contract on the principle of ? Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains?. COMPARISION OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT OF THOMAS HOBBES, JOHN LOCKE AND JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU 1. Hobbes asserts that without subjection to a common power of their rights and freedoms, men are necessarily at war. Locke and Rousseau, on the contrary, set forth the view that the state exists to preserve and protect the natural rights of its citizens. When governments fail in that task, citizens have the right and sometimes the duty to withdraw their support and even to rebel. 2. Hobbes view was that whatever the state does is just. All of society is a direct creation of the state, and a reflection of the will of the ruler. According to Locke, the only important role of the state is to ensure that justice is seen to be done. While Rousseau view is that the State must in all circumstance ensure freedom and liberty of individuals. 3. Hobbes theory of Social Contract supports absolute sovereign without giving any value to individuals, while Locke and Rousseau supports individual than the state or the government. 4. To Hobbes, the sovereign and the government are identical but Rousseau makes a distinction between the two. He rules out a representative form of government. But, Locke does not make any such distinction. Page 7 of 7 5. Rousseau? s view of sovereignty was a compromise between the constitutionalism of Locke and absolutism of Hobbes. CRITICAL APPREHENTION 1. Rousseau propounded that state, law and the government are interchangeable, but this in present senerio is different. Even though government can be overthrown but not the state. A state exists even there is no government. 2. Hobbes concept of absolutism is totally a vague concept in present scenario. Democracy is the need and examples may be taken from Burma and other nations. 3. According to Hobbes, the sovereign should have absolute authority. This is against the rule of law because absolute power in one authority brings arbitrariness. 4. Locke concept of State of nature is vague as any conflict with regard to property always leads to havoc in any society. Hence, there cannot be a society in peace if they have been conflict with regard to property. 5. Locke concept of laissez-faire is not of welfare oriented. Now in present scenario, every state undertake steps to form a welfare state.

Louise Bourgeois Essay Example for Free

Louise Bourgeois Essay Much can be learned from the environment within which we live. What we see tells a lot about the society in which we live: belief system; politics; economic undertakings; kinship and material culture among others. Through material culture, we can get insight into the world that existed long before us. Culture can be defined as the way of life of people depicting their shared experiences, political and religious beliefs, technology, insights, attitudes, and material objects. (Li Karakowsky) The sublime can be defined as the priced greatness or vast intensity in terms of biological, moral, mental, metaphysical, beauty, art or religion. Sublime is experienced over and over. It is embedded in our history, being, values, thoughts, concepts, world views, beliefs, and is responsible for our personalities (Bernadac 2007 p20) Main Body One of America’s renowned artist and sculptor, Louise Bourgeois, managed to capture the American Sublime through her artistic undertaking. She was born in Paris, France in December 25, 1911 but traveled to America in 1938 to perfect her artistic endeavor. She studied mathematics at the Sorbonne, and painting and sculpture in Ecole du Louvre, Ecole des Beaux-Arts, and Art Students League of New York. She worked as an assistant to Fernand Henri Leger- a French sculptor, painter, and film maker. She is popular for her work that depicts spiders, sculptures, drawings and literary work (National Gallery of Canada 2005 p16). As a way of depicting the society in which she was living, Bourgeois work is full of inanimate images of horrifying fear, ghosts, darkness, tortured people, and disabling mental illness to attempt to get at the source of these emotions and to uphold normality even in times of chaos. Her works helped depict the intellectual climate, social and historical conditions that existed then. (Gorovoy et al 2006 pp 27 -28) She captured the effects of the First World War through carving limbless sculptures and detached limbs and had most of his paintings and sculptures painted black to depict death and mourning, (Gorovoy et al 2006 p 24) e. g. the two headless fabric bodies attempting to make love shown below. She depicts the revolution of the western politics, largely constructivism, through posters that expressed sympathy towards the Russian regime which she displayed in Moscow. The Tate Modern exhibition catalogue indicates her inclination towards Communism. Bourgeois made abstract art pieces that reflected on her childhood experiences showing how relationships within the family were entwined together thus bringing in the aspect of kinship, socialization and acculturation. This depicts how her art gives us insight to how children were brought up back then. (Lippard 2003 pp 9-10) Her Femme Maison and Fallen woman series introduced the aspect of liberation of women. They depicted a female struggling to outgrow some house like structures within which she is trapped – that is attempting to outgrow the masculinity into which the women were entrapped. She depicts a rebellion against the negative masculinity through her work, The Destruction of a Father, in which rock figures surround a sacrificial slab full of butchered body parts. Thus: It has been suggested that her sculpture, The Blind Leading the Blind, has a religious connotation. According to Desmond Michael and Lloyd Michael (1870-1970) Bourgeois, inspired by the Cold War, made this sculpture and that the title was picked from the New Testament verse (Matthew 15:14) that describes how a blind man leading another blind man would end up in a ditch. The structure is shown below (Bernadac 2007) Bourgeois contribution to the American Sublime is best captured in New Yorks Guggenheim Museum, the Centre Pompidou in Paris and Londons Tate Modern with their massive collection of her art work. In conclusion, the American Sublime has been captured through art in poetry, carvings, paintings, songs, books, and which take us back to the origins of the cultures of past American societies. Just like the origins of the American sublime can be traced through studying works of art, similarly, so can we understand much about its revolution from the contemporary art works. Louise Bourgeois has managed to get this through her sculptures, drawings and works of art – reflecting abstract as well as tangible aspects of living that relate to feelings, political standing, material culture, religious inclination, beliefs and kinship. References Bernadac, M (2007) â€Å"Louise Bourgeois† Rizzoli International North America pp 18 24 Gorovoy, J. , Carver R. Read C. (2006) â€Å"Louise Bourgeois† Bellport Press University of Michigan pp 21-35 Lippard R (2003) â€Å"Overlay: contemporary art and the art of prehistory† Pantheon Books NY pp 7-16 National Gallery of Canada (2005) â€Å"Louise Bourgeois Maman† National Gallery Canada press pp 14-17

Identifying Gifted And Talented Children Education Essay

Identifying Gifted And Talented Children Education Essay The term gifted and talented is surrounded with a great deal of controversy, and is currently under review by the Coalition Government. A vast amount of research has been undertaken over the last ten years, into the long-term, emotional effects of labelling a child, and the practitioners role in identifying a child and differentiating the curriculum. Directgov (2010), currently defines gifted as one who excels in academic subjects such as maths and English, and talented as those who possess skills in practical areas such as sport and music. Pound (2008), discusses how Gardners theory revolves around eight intelligences. Gardner believes that each individual possesses his or her own unique combination of intelligences, which he calls multiple intelligences, which can be enhanced and enriched in an environment which provides stimulating and challenging activities. Teaching, through Gardners theory enables the practitioner to bring out a gifted and talented childs advanced natural talents, in a challenging way. (Conklin 2007) Gardners multiple intelligence theory and the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), are mutually supportive. Both emphasise individuality and uniqueness. The DCSF (2008), asserts that every area of development is equally important, and that no child should face discrimination. The DCSF (2008) also explains that the early learning goals give practitioners scope to identify and plan for all children across the developmental continuum. It follows that practitioners must identify childrens needs and build on their strengths. Freeman (1991) advocates that the child who is as bright as a button, and maintains their enthusiasm for learning is more likely to make a positive contribution to society. The EYFS has been condemned by the Open Eye Campaign (2007) who claim that it is overly prescriptive and potentially harmful to development, and that many of its goals are developmentally inappropriate. In comparison to the EYFS the Key Stage One is more academically biased. The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted)(2007), reported that two thirds of Year One teachers did not use the information gained from the EYFS to inform practice and planning. Consequently, many talented children may be over looked. Palaiologou (2010), discusses Gardners view that education should be less academically driven and his five minds theory. This focuses on an individuals ability to sort useful and relevant information in any given situation, how to think outside of the box, and to understand diversity, citizenship and community relationships in both the immediate and wider environment. He referred to these as modern day talents. It is the role of the practitioner to identify and differentiate the curriculum to develop gifted and talented individuals. Failing to do this could have a negative impact on the child. A child may easily lose interest and misbehave when presented with unchallenging tasks. Freeman (2009), questions how a reception class teacher copes with a child who is working at a higher level than their peers. She writes that children should not be left to wait while others catch up, and believes that this is where boredom begins, this can result in a child disengaging from learning. Quart (2006) agrees with this fact and believes that there should be more funding available to train practitioners in the assessment of and teaching techniques for gifted and talented pupils. Freeman (2010a) states that successful and happy children need consistent. Freemans research revealed that discovered that children who were identified as gifted and talented in one school would in fact be below average in anothe r. Often practitioners mistakenly identified a child as gifted and talented. She later states that through analysis of collected data she discovered that labelling children as gifted and talented makes a negative difference to their sense of self, resulting in low self-esteem. Children who were labelled by parents suffered more emotional problems than their equally gifted but unlabelled peers. James (2007), draws our attention to the fact that many parents may be controlling and demanding, claiming that the child becomes fixated with fulfilling parental goals in an attempt to minimise conflict. He explains that high achievement is often a consequence of over parental pressurisation in childhood that often leads to self-criticism and depression in later years. Quart (2006), supports this view and concludes that parents and educators should refrain from pushing children to succeed. She issues a cautionary warning that the pressure placed on the gifted and talented can lead to emotional regrets of being deprived of a childhood. For some who were placed on, a pedestal form an early age reach adulthood and realize they are no longer quite so special. Freeman(2010b), leads us to believe that the media is only interested when things go wrong, and in fact many gifted and talented children go on to lead happy ordinary lives. She states that parents should support and guide children without pushing them to succeed and love should be unconditional and not reliant on achievement. To conclude, Gardners theories offer practitioners a model for providing a rich and challenging environment for all children, including those who are gifted and talented. Practitioners need comprehensive training to ensure that planning for learning provides challenges to guarantee children are challenged and stretched, not, bored and pushed. It also Emotional difficulties are more likely to occur when a child is labelled gifted and talented. Therefore, parents and educational practitioners should aim to ensure that an identified gifted and talented child grows into a happy, well-rounded adult. More collaboration is needed between Foundation and Key Stage One. In fact, it would be beneficial to children if the EYFS were continued in Year One. Through this research, a greater insight into the term gifted and talented has been obtained. It offered differing perspectives on the subject, and the conclusion reached was that there is actually a place in society for the gifted and talented, however, identification and education should be undertaken with care and sensitivity. In the words of Benjamin Franklin, Hide not your talents. They for use were made. Whats a sundial in the shade? Franklin(1706 1790)

The Gothic Genre and What it Entails Essay -- Gothic Criticism

"The invaluable works of our elder writers re driven into neglect by frantic novels, sickly and stupid German Tragedies, and deluges of idle and extravagant stories in verse. The human mind is capable of being excited without the application of gross and violent stimulants.." William Wordsworth, Preface to The Lyrical Ballads, 1802. "..Phantasmagoric kind of fiction, whatever one may think of it, is not without merit: 'twas the inevitable result of revolutionary shocks throughout Europe thus to compose works of interest, one had to call on the aid of Hell itself, and to find things familiar in the world of make believe.." Marquis (Donatien Alphonse) de Sade, "Reflections on the Novel.", 1800. Gothic literature has been an area of critical contention since Horace Walpole's seminal Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto, was published in 1764. Although vilified by much of the contemporary press the Gothic had its champions, many of whom were also its practitioners including Walpole, the subsequent generation's Anne Radcliffe and the Marquis de Sade who had his own brand of highly sexualized Gothic. Despite these voices, Gothic was still a marginalised genre in its incipient days, at least in the bulk of critical writing (this is the view of most contemporary historical overviews e.g.: Sage, Botting, Kilgour). Many critics writing at the time of the Romantic Gothic (i.e: Gothic written during the arbitrary period of Romanticism) considered such novels to be sensationalist, trashy and "completely expurgated of any of the higher qualities of mind" (Peacock quoted in Sage, 11). I think this is an unfair judgemen... ...------------------------------------ [1] Most quality Gothic books are likewise referential or intertextual. Frankenstein draws on a rich lineage of Romantic favourites from Milton to Goethe through Godwin up to Percy Shelley. It is from these books the monster learns his culture thus his humanity. Melmoth has frequent allusions to contemporary romance e.g.: "Romances have made one familiar with tales of subterranean passages and supernatural horrors." (Maturin, 191). [2] The same thing occurs in Pier Paolo Pasolini's film version of 120 Days via the use of altered lighting, camera angles and wall paintings to the subtle distortion of the physical surroundings. [3] The Midnight Bell by Francis Lathom. David Punter, in The Literature of Terror, refers to it as one of a "morass" that "flooded the market" (114).

Boot Camp Debate Essay -- essays research papers

The Boot Camp Debate In any of today's society no matter where you look there will be some evidence of crime present. This statement derives from a sociologist theory that says no society can exists without crime. The government is constantly looking for new ways to deal with these reoccurring problems. The focus has been placed upon the government to look into young offenders and the style used to punish them. Weapons possession is quite common among the youth, at least in urban Canada, between one-third and one quarter of students surveyed indicated that they had carried some form of weapon at school over the previous year. Data drawn from Statistics Canada has revealed that the number of reported incidents of violent crimes by males aged 12-17 have risen 64% and more than doubled for females during the decade beginning in 1989 and ending in 1999. A study conducted in Southern Ontario, exploring student perceptions of violence in schools, revealed significant levels of fear relating to possible victimi sation. It is these more serious crimes involving young offenders that the government has been forced to deal with. Many suggestions have been made and many bills have been voted on but still no "sure fire" solution to the problem exists. The latest idea brewing in Parliament is the use of boot camps to punish young offenders; however others believe sending young offenders to boot camp is not the answer and there are more efficient ways to correct their negative behaviour. The newest "brain-storm" that politicians have dwelled upon is sending young offenders that commit serious offences to boot camp. The first question that comes to mind is what is a boot camp? A boot camp is an alternative place to send youths between the ages of 12-17 who commit serious criminal offences. Boot camps have five basic goals: (1) incapacitation, (2) deterrence, (3) rehabilitation, (4) reduction of prison costs and crowding, and (5) punishment (Colledge & Gerber, 1998). These facilities are designed to resocialize the "bad-boys" and "bad-girls" into citizens that will be accepted back into society. The plan is to use a military style to punish the kids and in return teach them discipline and transform them back to law abiding citizens . "Punishment ranges from rigorous exercise - running extra laps... ...he rehabilitation of young offenders rather than shipping them off to prison or boot camps. The boot camps and prisons do not offer the youths the proper treatment needed to transform a person from a criminal back to a normal citizen of society. Places such as Custody Centers offer a more controlled and logical process of programs developed especially for the special kids sent to these places. It is believed that a program such as the P.G.Y.C.C. will ultimately be more effective in correcting the behaviour of young offenders and in conjunction lower the rate of youth crime around the country. References Colledge, D. and Gerbert, J. (1998, June). Rethinking the assumptions about boot camps. Federal Probation, vol. 62, issue 1, p.54. Honywill, B. (1996, Nov. 20). Boot camps not answer: panel: Must discourage conditions leading to youth crime. The Hamilton Spectator, p. N1. Simpson, L. (1996, Oct. 5). Academy targets troublesome teens: Military-style school for boys costs $20,400 a year. The Hamilton Spectator, p. A1. Prince George Youth Custody Center. [WWW document]. (n.d./ 2000, Mar. 22). Available: <http://members.pgonline.com/~pgycc/

Fiorello LaGuardia Essay -- New York Mayor Biography Essays

Fiorello LaGuardia Fiorello LaGuardia was born on December 11th 1882 to immigrants of Italian and Jewish ancestry in New York. He served as the mayor of New York City from 1945-1945. He is considered to be one of the mayors who redefined New York City politics. Fiorello had a very long career in politics before serving as mayor. After graduating New York University law school in 1910, LaGuardia practiced law and was appointed Deputy Attorney General. He also served many terms in Congress as a republican. LaGuardia lost his first try at the Mayor’s race to Jimmy Walker in 1929, but was successful on his second try in 1933.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LaGuardia expressed his interest in the Mayoral running after he lost his final term in Congress, November 1932. On November 22, 1932 LaGuardia invited â€Å"Key men and women in politics and all walks of like to attend an anti-Tammany (present mayor) meeting at town hall† (Mann, P.66). At this meeting, LaGuardia knew that it was too early to talk about candidates. But he did offer a very clear and powerful outline of his beliefs to a reporter for the ‘nation’. He states: â€Å"While everybody is talking about the necessity of a change in our City government, there is nothing really practical, concrete and definite being done. Public opinion must not only be crystallized, but must be translated into action through the medium of an actual fighting organization of determined men and women. The election machinery cannot be over-looked. The best intentions and good will even of a majority of the people cannot, unless properly prepared, overcome th e crookedness, corruption and violence of an entrenched political machine† (Mann, P. 66).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After his meeting at Town Hall, LaGuardia returned to Washington to finish his Congressional term, namely his New Deal legislation, leaving many New Yorkers something to think about. He returned to his East Harlem residence on March 4th, 1933. Although LaGuardia was a Republican, and Tammany was a Democrat; he learned that the Fusion party was setting up potential candidates to run against Tammany. LaGuardia saw this as an opportunity to break in to the candidacy. â€Å"The Fusion Conference Committee, as it came to be called, consisted of delegates from groups traditionally hostile to the Wigwam: conservative Republicans, the business community, and the Good Government associations† (Mann, P.67). The fus... .... While there, he introduced his new policy regarding enforcement zones for the officers. Before LaGuardia, the police would enforce where they wanted to enforce. Conveniently ignoring certain areas where organized crime and other criminal activities took place. He recognized this and stated that he will not tolerate it. Along with introducing formal patrol zones, he added 250 more officers to the force.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LaGuardia not only did well in general but did exceptionally well for the city of New York considering the time period he entered office. Prohibition was just ending, the era of the depression was looming in the air and the city of New York was almost bankrupt. LaGuardia also implemented a large public works plan, and the civil service bureau which brought many jobs and revitalized the economy. However, his plan did include several tax hikes; it brought the cities budget out of deficit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Still to this day LaGuardia’s work does not go overlooked. He brought New York City to a new level post World War II, and it didn’t faze him one bit. Not only does this prove him to be one of the greatest mayors New York has ever had, but one of the greatest leaders of all time.

Adolescent Sex Offenders and Social Workers Role

One of the most significant problems of the Western world is sexual assaults which rank among the societies’ illness that connects to other crimes such as nonsexual crime, spread of infectious diseases, substance abuse and environmental damage.Victims of sexual assaults are increasing on a large scale basis according to the 1987 surveys using stratified random samples of selected population.Sexual assaults during the past decades have shown that one half of the number of women interviewed say they experienced sexual victimization before reaching the age of 14 while one in four of the adult female respondents say they were sexually abused before the age of 18. Although most of these assaults were committed by adults, male juvenile sex offenders are beginning to take the limelight in committing sex offenses more than any other records we had decades ago.Male sex offenders are those persons convicted in court of sexual crimes that include rape, sexual intent such as molestations and sexual component which include rape with murder. Categorically there are two types of sex offenders and these are the adult and adolescent offenders.While the adult sex offenders are fully sanctioned by the law, juvenile or adolescent sex offenders are treated differently because they are still under the age covered by juvenile criminal justice system which separate them from adult system.In the criminal justice system, the court considers a young person a sex offender when he or she cannot be responsible for the criminal behavior because of his or her age. In American jurisdictions, when a person is younger than 12 years old, he or she is considered a child so they cannot be convicted of sexual crime because sexual crime covers only those who are 13 years and above.Juvenile or adolescent sex offenders, however, have ages of 12 up to 18 therefore they are within the juvenile court system and consider them as juvenile sex offenders. They can be held liable for sexual offense beca use according to the court they can be criminally responsible for the crime because of their capability to distinguish sexual offense.According to the US statistical data, from 1985 to 2000, 91.8% of sexual offenses were committed by young males with ages 12 to 17.In a study conducted in 1983 by Ageton, he estimated that approximately around 20% of all rapes and child molestations were caused by adolescent male offenders. One of the most recognizable characteristics of adolescent sex offender is their deviant sexual behavior.This behavior includes sexual behavior on child molestation, pedophilia and fetishism. Sexual deviation is often interpreted as â€Å"sexual perversion† or â€Å"paraphilia†.   Paraphilia is defined in the medical or behavioral science as a behavioral condition that refers to sexual deviation, sexual anomaly, sexual perversion or a disorder of sexual preference.Adolescent sex offenders suffering from Paraphilias are mostly males who develop this condition during their early puberty and may suffer from it until the age of 20 (Barbaree & Marshall, 2008).In 1994, the American Academy of Pediatrics has published its last policy statement that includes information on rape and sexual assault by adolescents, victims of these assaults and the perception of these adolescents about sexual assault or sexual offense. Sexual assault or sexual offence may vary in definitions.It may connote rape, acquaintance, date rape, molestation, statutory rape, treatment and management of the victim. In sexual offense, there is usually sexual contact with or without penetration that occur either with the use of psychological coercion or by physical force. It can also include touching the person that violates his or her persona or touching the person’s sexual or body parts or even touching the clothing that covers the intimate parts of the person.There is molestation even when there is non-coital sexual activity between a child, an adolescent o r an adult. Molestation which is one form of sexual offense can also include encouraging a child in viewing pornographic materials, fondling of the genitals or breasts or through oral-genital contact.According to the national data, victims of adolescent sexual offense are mainly composed of adolescents themselves. Although adolescent sexual offenders may victimize any age group, according to the 1998 record of the US Department of Justice out of the 1000 males and female victims of sexual assault annually, 3.5 % are of ages 12 through 15 years of age and 5 % are of 16 to 19 years of ages.These are only conservative data because accordingly cases are not all reported due to the fact that the assailants are of their acquaintance or relative of the victims.Usually the persons involved in the treatment of these victims are pediatricians who are responsible in the management of children and the well being of the adolescents. This is because they are trained to conduct forensic procedures that are necessary for documentation and evidence collection which the pediatrician must refer to an emergency department or rape crisis center when there is the case of adolescent rape.Rape cases may involve Colposcopic procedures that will allow examiners to check on genital trauma as seen in rape cases. Pediatricians who are tasked to treat sexually abused or assaulted patients must be aware of the legal requirements which include the completion of the needed forms, documentation and reporting to the authorities.In case there is diagnosis and management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) blood and tissue specimens should be obtained and checked as most of the victims of adolescent sex offenders may suffer from these kinds of diseases and infection (Kaufman, 2008).But what causes male adolescent sexual offense and what are the treatments? According to studies adolescent sexual behavior develop during childhood. Because of exposure to non-profound sexual values and absence of bonding with their families, the young mind of a child learned to trust no one.They may be exposed to sexual behavior and values that victimize people or live in a very complex family setting where they see their parents getting involved with other partners. Because of the lack of stability and consistency in mind, the children’s confused world affects their sexual identity.Since they lack psychological support from their families, what they have in their environment confuse them to the point of getting confused by his own sexual identity. As they grow up, they cannot categorize what is right from wrong when it comes to having relationship particularly sexual relationship.Psychiatrists can be able to see this abnormal behavior based from the adolescent’s background. They can also see the difference between normal boys and young sex offenders. A normal boy is usually self-absorbed but also much aware of other people and his surroundings while a boy with adolescent sex offender tendencies is usually motivated in satisfying his own needs with no regards for others.In the case of a normal adolescent male, as puberty sets in he will take interest with the opposite sex. Although this is also true with an adolescent male sex offender, the problem is he can both become attracted to males and females but this attraction is not based on respect but with manipulative and opportunistic desire that involves inappropriate sexual fantasies.While the normal adolescent boy begins to seek friendship with his peers, the offender will only wish for sexual relationships. Because of this unusual personality, the opposite sex may find him unsuitable for friendship and avoid his companionship. In view of this the offender may just commit sexual gratification by other means and to what satisfies him regardless of consequences.Since this condition may become too emotionally deep, extensive study of the offender’s background and psychiatric test must be provided to prevent re-offending. Treatment must be applied and people in charge of the treatment must start with orienting the offender of his condition to prevent the status of denial and begin to process individual motivations, detect the signals to offending, monitor emotional responses and pattern of offense.The offender must be taught to assume responsibility of his own behavior and must be told that his deeds make him to act antisocially. This process will enable the adolescent to understand his condition and can motivate himself to seek help to prevent future conflicts. This usual therapy can help in making the offender analyze and acknowledge his offenses so that he can have room for potential change.Some important treatments that are involved to alter abnormal sexual behavior is altering the deviant sexual fantasies of the offenders and stop the habit of masturbation, improving the development of conscience and feelings of empathy. Patients subjected to group therapy experience faste r treatment and this is where the value of the social workers comes into place.The social workers can significantly assist treatment and therapy to enable the patients to coordinate events, thoughts and feelings that trigger his offending behavior. In case they bypasses boundaries of good morals, the social workers will reorganize and restructure their thoughts by teaching them re-routing their energies to legitimate leisure activities to prevent immersing themselves to boredom which can trigger offensive behaviors.One of the most important aspects of treating an adolescent sex offender particularly in males is abandoning the objectification of people specifically of those sex partners so that he will learn social skills and attracting a person to a commitment of a true, loving and committed relationship. Getting him exposed to be moral is the main objective of therapy and treatment.Truly, it takes a lot of effort to make an offender get on the right track because as we have said, h is mind and abnormal behavior developed during his younger years of mental formation that is why treatments sometimes seem to be overwhelming.There are different forms of treatment and therapy with this condition and they take in many forms. Social workers, however, does not rely on drugs or other forms of treatment that uses chemicals in enhancing treatment but instead they condition the mind of the offenders through the use of lectures, discussions, exercises, movies, instructional videos, role playing, oral treatment plan assignments and so on.Usually social workers rely on the use of role models that are once adolescent sex offenders and can serve as rich source of experiences. Social workers are especially trained to share personal anecdotes in teaching the fundamentals of responsibility, sexuality, morality, social skills and communication, preventing relapse and emotionality.They encourage their subjects in watching television shows and news programs that offer rich sources o f discussion that provokes moral interpretations and judgments.As have been mentioned before, group therapy can be the most significant treatment of all the choices provided by the social workers because a group mobilizes peer pressure and can be a powerful motivator for change and it presses confession and conformation as well. Counseling is also done to individual inpatients and outpatients on a weekly basis (Lakey, 1994).  However since this discussion is primarily pointing at what are the causes and treatment of adolescent sex offense it must also be noted that prevention must be considered to altogether stop or spread the cases of this clinical condition.We all know that 95% of the time, sex is rooted out in our childhood because as children, we have an inborn curiosity about everything including sex. A child who starts to mingle with other children accelerates this curiosity to an astonishing degree and therefore this is where the guidance of his family must come to play.Onc e the child begins to notice the opposite sex it means his curiosity starts to accelerate removing himself to his confinement with his toys and playthings. However if the child cannot get from his parents the information of what he is curious about, his tendency is to run to his peers or other adults for the answers. Unfortunately, pedophiles are most aware in this factor and may use their advantage to gain the trust of children.The result of the curiosity of the child may be disastrous in this manner. That is why sex education at home should begin the earliest possible time or when the child starts to ask questions about sexuality. Male child may ask about simple things but the parent must answer the child with very basic answers that do not need to talk about pure sex.The parents must also correct misinformation that deals with sex contributed to him by his peers, classmates or other adults. Remember that everything that the child ask and see becomes imprinted in his young mind an d will carry and lead him to other aspects related to what he learned during his developing years.When the child starts to enter his adolescence he begins to experience confusion and will try to discover his true identity. Inadequate learning from his family or misinformation given to him by other people may confuse him deeply which can affect his personality and his view toward sex may become abnormal.Being in the stage of budding adolescence is where the role of his family becomes critical because he will see that something different takes place on his body and at the same time notice that opposite sex attracts him. If misguided and the adolescent has no one to talk about the changes he feels, depression may result and he can have a puzzled adolescent life (Prendergast, 2003).No man has desired to be a sex offender but unfortunately we cannot always direct our lives due to the fact that there are many influences that may put our child at risk. However, the US government is very an xious about this and so every US state are encouraged to put up their adolescent prevention program to put a hold on the growing criminality caused by the offending youths.According to The Safer Society Foundation, in 1986 there were about 346 programs in the U.S. treating adolescent sex offenders with ages ranging from 12-17. In 2002 these programs rose to 937. But with the rising offenses during that period around 410 programs were also established for children under the age of 12 due to the rising trends of younger offenders.Government programs were the result of these data because suddenly there was the need for establishing programs for juvenile treatment as referred by state courts (â€Å"Juvenile Probation and Court Services Department,† 2006)For the conclusion of this discussion, checking on the data plus the concern that affects some of our youth, there is a point indeed for concern for the need to answer the growing problem of adolescent sex offense. Through the yea rs, this information tells us that not only adolescents are affected by this conditions but even younger males.There are now researches to back-up the need for rehabilitation of the offenders because of the massive data that have been supported by studies and information from the US National Statistics and other government programs. Giving hope to these children through treatments encouraged by different programs is the only recourse we could do because we want to prevent further debilitation of culture and future of our youth.eferences:Barbaree, H., & Marshall, W. L. (2008). The Juvenile Sex Offender, Second Edition (2 ed.): Guilford Press (book)Juvenile Probation and Court Services Department.   (2006). Retrieved from http://www.cookcountycourt.org/services/programs/juvenile/innovations.html#jsoKaufman, M. (2008). Care of the Adolescent Sexual Assault Victim. Pediatrics (Journal), 107, 1476-1479.Lakey, J. F. (1994). The Profile and Treatment of Male Adolescent Sex Offenders. Ado lescence (Journal), 29(116), 755-761.Prendergast, W. E. (2003). Treating Sex Offenders (2nd ed. Vol. 1): Haworth Press. (book)

Valkyrie Case Study

Valkyrie illume is facing a hot contest at heart its authorized trading summonss. This ch al unitedlyenge brings in the grade of pading and improving its rate of flow issue stove perplexity musical arrangement. In this sunrise(prenominal) utilizeation, the Valkyrie counsel team forget consume to incorporate leash resilient designs to hand succeeder in the extremely militant securities attention of technical visible light. With this spic-and-span sum drawing string management focalise, Valkyrie leave fancy me rattling issues that leave alone choose to be bided to denigrate the magazine it takes to get its expanded leave ambit up and flowing smoothly.A mo of the issues that Valkyrie experiences stooge be summarized into collar briny issues that atomic round 18 shortly holding up Valkyries success in this sunrise(prenominal) endeavor. The of import issues that Valkyrie faces complicate out dumbfound accessibility, confine confabul ations, and period barriers to its world(prenominal) magnification strategy. With this new counseling on issue scope management, Valkyrie moldiness decide in the midst of execution of a enlargeion sop up at bottom sunniness Products knack, or repre direct a legal spine pact with cheerfulness Products to act as their resole supplier. before dogged at that place is a lose of an integrated information processing musical arrangement watchs that prohibits twain Valkyrie and fair weather to adequately suffice to each others harvestingion get needfully. Due to converse existence full of life to any tasks success, Valkyrie essential look to integrate with sun products to improve communications and nurture sharing to combat inventory issues and spikes in guest withdraws. Due to increasing arguing within the technical lighting fabrication, Valkyrie has the opportunity to expand its operating theatres end-to-end two potenti on the whole in eithery lucrative grocery stores.Valkyrie must analyze the south-east Asian mart and the atomic number 63an merchandiseplace the two primary global opportunities. both options absorb wagess and dis returns which Valkyrie must analyze to bring home the bacon global success. Our early good word is to make believe a legal agreement with sun Products to become our sole supplier. The present moment recommendation is to establish an integrated computer musical arrangement between Valkyrie and sunniness. Our final recommendation is to focus on accounting entry into the European trade by a tertiary base political party set more or lessor.These recommendations leave reserve Valkyrie to maximize its supply range, effectively communicate between all supply members and expand its securities industry portion out while maintaining its internality competency of producing estheticalalally fancyed lighting products. Company Over mickle Valkyrie punk is a manufactu ring association with mathematical movements in the main in North America. The associations primary focus is the occupation and rake of technologically advanced industrial lighting. Valkyrie fervour buy the farms in a supply set up with many tiers lasting together to gain a product that attend to a number of customers.The volume of their part come from tier-one suppliers, much(prenominal) as sunlight Products, that ar sent to a manufacturing gossipd down in capital of Colorado. In this plant, the products atomic number 18 assembled, stored, and bring throughed to customers who place commits. The tier-one suppliers slim down the manufacturing of parts from tier-two suppliers that be located throughout the world such as blitheness Products who occupys in Taiwan. Valkyrie spark gained foodstuff region in the technical lighting labor due to consolidation advanced engineering which was superior to the competition.This engineering science led to the intr oduction of superior products and the abilityto adopt custom products that serve different customer require. Valkyrie release excessively held a matched edge with the product design and looks that were more desired than that of the competition. This is presently Valkyrie discharges main competitive edge in the exertion. Valkyrie fervors trading operations are found on a stir musical arrangement that follows forecasts which are revised e really quarter. This push musical arrangement has led the bon ton to produce in batch processes.The constant demand from customers for unique(p) designs requires that Valkyrie lightness create a legitimate amount of one product, then smite to create a nonher similar product with minor design differences. The type of operations arrangeed at the Denver plant is absolute in two maps. The first stage represents a repetitive operation because the meaning pieces of the product are assembled by workers to free only the technical assembly. There are eight different basic assemblies that are created and then the product is moved to the second stage.The second stage is considered more intermittent because the basic assembled products are then terminate to customer style preferences and is the source of the variation among customers. Once the product has been undefiled, the product is stored into demarcation located in the Denver plant and shipped ground on customer golf-clubs. This operation represents a discover for-to-stock strategy where the product is produced based from forecasts which are held as inventory until the customer demands a product. Valkyrie Lighting is in an industry that was super competitive until a hardly a(prenominal) major companies dominated the majority of the securities industry.The technical lighting industry is a slow-growing market where the align winners are based on superior technology, product variety, and epochly pitch. price and customer service are historic f actors in maintaining the competitive edge on with having advanced technology. The main trend in this market is the move away from warning designs and being flexible to create a number of products that serve different inevitably based from the customer. This is authorised for any guild in this industry because the market lie down of primarily of queen-sized buyers that could switch a signifi savet endt impact on the market character a order possesses.Currently Valkyrie and two other firms control the majority of the market grade out. The authoritative market that Valkyrie Lighting operates in is the North Ameri sight market. This is where Valkyrie operates potently and is the more or less competitive. Other markets of elicit accommodate Europe, atomic number 34 Asia, and Latin America. Each market has its own unique situations and barriers that affect Valkyrie Lighting. Currently, Valkyrie Lighting is taking advantage of the European market by exporting from the USA through a Dutch istributor, but approaching growth and market power entrust require manufacturing and distribution in Europe rather than exporting directly from the USA. The atomic number 34 Asian market is difficult because of the quick competition among Asian companies and their ability to tender low live, a core antecedency that Valkyrie arouse non deliver at this prison term. The Latin American market is still untouched by Valkyrie Lighting and no long-run operation plans suffer been takeed. Valkyrie Lighting has many strengths with the trustworthy operation model.Their technology is inviolable liberal that they can create a number of superior products and make custom changes to touch the customer demands. This is important because the market demands that companies have a wide variety of products to pucker customer preferences. A nonher strength of Valkyrie Lighting is the aesthetics of their products. In the technical lighting industry, products need to be unique and Valkyrie Lighting achieved success by getting their products put into trade shows. This led to a strong following and more business. A nonher main strength for Valkyrie Lighting and their operation design is the make-to-stock.With customers demanding that companies hold products until orders are fixed, Valkyrie Lighting continues to deliver customer satisf march and is flexible. Despite few of the strengths of the received operations, Valkyrie Lightings true operation model contains many disadvantages. ane of the biggest disadvantages is that the confederacy is erratic with delivery times. Because the company continues to use a push establishment and quarterly forecast, they cannot handle on-time delivery for large orders or higher than evaluate orders from their larger customers.Valkyrie Lighting has tried to offset this chore by using the make-to-stock process, but this engages to the company holding onto large amounts of inventory that is pricey to the co mpany and uses space in the Denver plant. Another disadvantage Valkyrie Lighting faces is the escape of a standard promissory note of reasoning of communication among the different tiers of suppliers. The suppliers use different forecasts and verify on a push- schema. Valkyrie Lighting holds a forecast that does not anticipate eleventh hour changes in demand and this leads to erratic delivery times to customers.Valkyries communication technology is not compatible with its suppliers, which leads to a lack of closeness in communication. These issues affect the supply chain with suppliers running out of materials, Valkyrie Lighting not producing enough products, and customers waiting eternal to receive orders. The last issue Valkyrie Lighting is faced with is penetrating new markets in different countries. With the lack of solid communication in the supply chain and the unfitness to deliver just-in-time, Valkyrie Lighting faces issues in mount up operations in southeasterly As ia.Because the company does not directly operate in Asia, it cannot compete with the topical anaesthetic firms that can admit products at a inflict price. In Europe, Valkyrie Lighting pull ins their menstruum operation is short-term. To continue to grow and expand market share Valkyrie understands they must consider expansion into the global market. Current Problems Although the business has been an industry leader and favored in the past, the Valkyrie management team is challenged to improve their supply chain management as they move away. This project, supply chain management, is a new concept to Valkyrie.Although the management team has little experience in supply chain management, lift dark-brown is confident that his team members are up for the challenge as they all have a stake in the survival and prosperity of the business. The team comes together in this project with various expertise and qualifications, which depart allow them to face many challenges that are to come. These challenges range from decisions that result in the long run change Valkyries way of doing business, and kind of possibly even the entire technical lighting industry. This leave alone require a new way of thinking and managing to remain successful as they move forward.Valkyrie is currently in a highly competitive industry where until recently there were very few major innovations. Valkyrie moved earlier to gain a competitive advantage. With this strip to improving their supply chain management, Valkyrie must act in the best interest of its stakeholders, which take ons owners, suppliers, comprisers, vendors, employees, customers and the competition. Valkyrie must be methodical near the procedures it takes as they need to remain a course of action to their core competency of providing superior technically advanced products with an aesthetic design, which is their top advantage over the competition.Before moving forward too quickly, Valkyrie must identify current problems and potency supply chain hindrances to minimize the frequency of false starts, fully utilize its capacities, and maximize productivity to examine their product is still a viable and desirable choice for its end users. Major goals that Valkyrie seeks to achieve are to take into account damp delivery times to their customers, maintain well intentional aesthetic products, and regain market share that has been lost due to price wars of the industrys customers. There are three problems that Valkyrie needs to address initially in order to make their supply chain successful.The first problem Valkyrie must address is its current relationship with cheerfulness Products. cheer plays a significant role in Valkyries success because of its unique technology. fair weather provides components to Valkyrie, but due to self-restraints doing readying procedures, Valkyrie is unable to increment order quantities in fear that blitheness is operating nest capacity. Valkyrie and sun s current relationship is solid, but return. Brown, as leader of this project, needs to identify that an in clod relationship depart hinder his attempts to make the supply chain management successful.Brown needs to look for ways to work jointly with Sunshine in hopes of reservation Sunshine their sole supplier. A sole supplier relationship entrust suffice Sunshine with inventory issues, inventory g modeing and end product forecasts. In todays business world, the internet is a very useful tool and virtually has very few limitations. Currently, Valkyrie and Sunshine do not have a compatible establishment of rules, which hinders planning, inventories, and takings plans. Both businesses plan end product based on their inventory and production plans, and Sunshine operates on a two-month planning horizon.This current dodging does not provide each company flexibleness with production runs and prohibits them from fit spikes in product demand. If this is not re unclutterd, th e companies may experience the bull-whip effect and implore evasive action that testament lead to excess inventories. Valkyrie and Sunshine need to share an integrated system which allows visuals on both companies inventory and re-order points. By addressing the first two problems, Valkyrie bequeath enable itself to take on its major competition by streamlining its components and production plans.To remain competitive, Valkyrie must improve lead times and flexibility to relate market demands. In addition, with the demand possibly stretching globally, Valkyrie needs to act upon their expansion strategy based on which markets are most lucrative. The two affirmable markets that are shiny to Valkyrie at this time are the European and Southeast Asia markets. By expanding to one or both of these markets, Valkyrie allow for be able to change its market and sales strategy from a push concept to a pull system due to the ability to fill orders upon the ever changing demands of th eir product.Valkyrie has alternating(a)s to choose from to resolve these three major issues. By solving these issues first, Valkyrie sets itself up for success. tax return 1 Product Accessability To better understand the problem with Sunshine, we lead first look at the present situation. Sunshine serves two other customers in non-competing handle other than Valkyrie and its production facility operates near capacity. The in form-only(prenominal) relationship between Valkyrie and Sunshine is sufficient when the two companies managers adhere to their hand-shake dedication and no competitor steps in.As Valkyrie loses ground in the U. S. market to its two major competitors, Valkyries priority aim in Sunshine may not remain if demand drops. Once the company engages in overseas production, Sunshine provide not be able to force the additional needed components under the current name and Valkyrie may need to develop new suppliers. It is obvious continuing with the current in buckra m handshake agreement is not an option for Valkyrie and Sunshine in the long run. In addition, as Valkyrie is exploring market expansion, this action go forth further necessitate an amend supply chain with Sunshine.Two possible solutions are secondary 1 fructify a use production statement in Sunshines production plant. Alternative 2 Negotiate a evening gown contract with Sunshine and make it Valkyries sole supplier. Both marriage offers will be analyzed in terms of feasibility, cost, and benefit in the section below. Alternative 1 Dedicated Production dividing line Proposal A dedicated production line proffer suggests Valkyrie place a dedicated production line in Sunshines facility. The production line will be provided by Sunshine and paid for by Valkyrie, as it will be exclusively used for Valkyries production needs.The benefit of a dedicated production line is Valkyrie will have flexibility in its production planning and a just-in-time system can be implemented. The ne w line will provide extra capacity to satisfy Valkyries increasing production need. Production equipment will not be a problem for the dedicated production line proposal since Sunshine either has enough room or it could expand its plant. All costs that occur during the setup of the production line will be covered by Valkyrie. The real problem is in the production and management of the dedicated line.Who should be trustworthy for the new line? How should wages and check over be determined? If Sunshine were to provide the front line production workers and administration, they may charge a price premium. An agreement with Sunshine will need to be established for Valkryie to ensure the dedicated line in Sunshines facility will become the priority. Alternative 2 Formal Contract and sole supplier Proposal Compared to the dedicated production line, a perfunctory contract is simpler and easier to implement. The contract needs to address the concept of sole supplier and the external fact ory.By creating a formal contractual relationship with Sunshine, Valkyrie guarantees Sunshine will be its sole supplier. In this contract, Sunshine will need to adjust its production planning procedure to make Valkyries demand their first priority. A formal contract also builds up long-term relationship between the two companies rather than the two managers. With a formal contract, Sunshine becomes a guaranteed service provider. The benefit of such a relationship is information sharing, which is vital to the success of supply chain management.With an open information flow system, Sunshine can respond to production changes faster and overturn lead time. Another benefit of contractual agreement is it provides greater incentive for consecutive quality improvement, which benefits both Valkyrie and Sunshine. The most important benefit of a formal contract is the elimination of uncertainty, the risk of losing a strategical quisling. Recommendation The absence of a formal contract betw een Valkyrie and Sunshine places a huge risk on Valkyries long-term success.With its unique technology, Sunshine plays a critical role in Valkyries supply chain. It is clear that Valkyrie needs to include Sunshine in order to implement improvements in the supply chain. Considering both proposals pros and cons, we determine that a dedicated production line is neither feasible nor cost effective. The formal contract and external factory proposal fit into the supply chain management requirement and is much easier to implement. Thus, the formal contract and external factory proposal is recommended. divulge 2 The Lack of Computer integration SystemCommunication is the key to any businesss success. Due to Sunshines resistance to computer integration, both companies are experiencing communication problems. An integrated system will increase the productivity of the companies information systems, order entry and production system. instruction Systems Information systems play a grownup rol e in any companys supply chain. Valkyrie needs to share information, such as purchase orders, invoices, and payments, along with information about common information and financial records with all chain members. sacramental manduction systems speeds up the flow of materials, payments and information. It allows companies to reduce the causal agency and cost of processing such transactions, and enables all members of the supply chain to have it off expected completion dates and handiness of the products. Sharing a computer system allows all members to know when demand changes from the forecast. Any problems encountered that affect availability quantity or delivery time of the products allows the chain members to respond to problems and react to find out delivery commitments.Sharing information, analyzing market feedback and trends between chain members is critical to be successful in todays impulsive global market. Order Entry any(prenominal) companies and retailers are using Electronic selective information Interchange (EDI) and/or Point-Of- barter (POS) systems because it is very convenient for buyers and sellers. By using EDI, the form of computer-to-computer communication is standardized to share business documents such as invoices, purchase orders, transit bills and product stocking numbers. This helps both buyers and sellers reduce logistic and labor costs and get products to market faster.For example, when suppliers transmit an advance shipment ceremonial to the company for each inbound shipment, EDI systems can be effectively implemented. This notice provides a purchase order number, vendor identification number, product identification number and cartonful counts for each item in the shipment. The EDI data flows directly from the suppliers computers into companies and retailers storage store management system. With this information, Valkyries distribution come to can anticipate inbound volume, get up for receiving, and schedule the appro priate number of warehouse workers.EDI advanced shipment notification is sent from a shipper to a receiver with flesh out information about the contents of the shipment. The process mentioned above also eliminates the need to schedule and stage the shipment later, which saves on labor costs. Through the EDI system, suppliers get paid accurately and on time. Furthermore, EDI can eliminate order batching. Companies typically use large order batching because of the relatively high cost of placing an order. sum up chain partners can reduce fiat cost by using electronic data interchange to transmit information. disappoint ordering costs eliminate the need for batch order. Similarly, when the retailers use Point of Sale (POS) systems, the information collected by POS allows both Valkyrie and Sunshine to know the product demand information when making replenishment decisions. In addition, EDI and POS are very helpful to correct the bullwhip effect of erratic replenishment of orders pla ced on different levels in the supply chain that have no homely link to final customer demand, and as a result, manufacturers inventory does not combine with demand. Production systemBy integrating the two companies computer systems and sharing relevant databases, Valkyrie and Sunshine Product can both benefit with a production system that determines what is needed, how much is needed and when it is needed. From Valkyries standpoint, having its orders completed and shipped to the distribution center on time is the vital to maintain customer blessedness and market share. From Sunshines view point, switching from traditional system-push system to a pull system would be a good strategy because it reduces inventory on production and materials.Thus, it helps Sunshine Product to solve the problem on material shortages or production planning system. The disadvantage of trust two companies computer system is that data exchange might create some problems in payment process or information flows between two companies. This computer integration also requires the internal unison and discipline to ensure the process is integrated and information flows accuracy, otherwise it will create errors that bring problems to both companies in the short-run. Issue 3 The Entry to the Global marketAt the core of Valkyries global corporate strategy is the need to make a significant lucrative entry into the global market. Rapid expansion into a segment of the global market will make up for the mature market conditions in North America. Alternative 1 The Southeast Asian Market Southeast Asia is identified as a promising market but this market does not share the need for Valkryies unique, aesthetic design element. Valkryies technical lead is already being eroded boy Alpha products, leaving only the aesthetic design advantage which is not an order winner in Southeast Asia.Valkyrie has an opportunity to leverage the relationship with Sunshines established contract manufacturing in Taiw an. This social function could transition into an opportunity to pursue moving into the Southeast Asia market. Valkyrie will have to establish its own communication and control systems to varan their third party. They will need to monitor and evaluate the third partys level of customer service, the efficiency of their operations and inventory investment.Alternative 2 The European Market. Valkyries main competitive advantage is their design element known to be essential to market success in Europe. By moving into the European market, Valkyrie will be able to get a faster response to new customers, provide better service and increase market share. This solution requires learning about the European market and the European custom rules. moolah will be higher and Valkyrie will not suffer a evil of control which might result in poor market performance as opposed to simply licensing in Europe. This alternative helps overcome high fix cost and high tariff duties.A third party contracto r will have a European market knowingness of customers product needs and will be knowledgeable about the competition. The third party contractor would understand the customer service requirements which vary good from northern to southern Europe and will assume the responsibility for providing communications. A third party contractor can be counted on to know their local markets suppliers capabilities and performance. As these other suppliers are less critical to Valkyries success than Sunshine, they could be substituted if they do not perform to standards.Recommendation Our recommendation is for Valkyrie to establish local production, under Valkyries name, by spying with a third party to manufacture and distribute in Europe. The justification for choosing the European market is this market will require a unique styling of lighting products which is Valkyries primary competitive advantage and core competency. This design element is essential to Valkyries market success in the Europe an market. The commitment to this strategic plan would vary an entry into the Asian market at this time.The third party contractor will need to be an experienced performer who can handle both the manufacturing and distribution. As Sunshine Products will be contractually bound as a wholeness source supplier, their Taiwan plant will transmit orders electronically to the third party contractor who will work with regional suppliers to provide the remainder of the components. Factors to consider when identifying potential third party contractors will include the companys ability to partner with Sunshine Products, the ability to identify regional suppliers to provide the remainder of the component parts and the facilitys proximity to customers.The European single point distribution system will be essentially analogue to the US market. In order to meet product demand and service requirements Valkyrie knows that a single point distribution system and negotiating service contracts with ca rriers to provide distribution is effective. The company knows from experience at their Denver mending that deliveries can be made to most major markets even by start carriers. CONCLUSION Valkyrie Lighting is venturing into new but potentially lucrative concepts.This new supply chain management will allow Valkyrie to remain competitive in the highly competitive technical lighting industry. By focusing on members of the supply chain, Valkyrie can utilize its resources to compliment its current strengths in creating better business relationships with its supply chain members. To ensure that Valkyrie succeeds in this new endeavor, there must be a formal contract between Valkyrie and Sunshine to ensure that Valkyries demand will be met. Playing into the success is also the implementation of a integrated computer system between its supply chain members.This allows all members of the supply chain to readily see the inventories that are needed to sustain, while minimizing the bullwhip ef fect. Finally, Valkyrie must focus on its core competency, by manufacturing products that are preferred for the aesthetic design. This focus is one that suggests that expanding into the European market should be the sole focus at the current time. By following our three recommendations, Valkyrie will improve product accessibility, improve communications within the supply chain and increase market share with expansion into the European market.